Amusingly, someone just left a comment on my very first blog post back in September 2006. Every now and then I get comments on an old post but of course this one holds the record (although they did admit themselves that they were late). Rather than respond in the post itself, I figured I would reply here. No sense in starting a comment chain on a nearly three year old post.

The comment was as follows...

there are not anti-science groups or whatever they call it in Qatar, at least by the muslims. infact, islam encourages science and knowledge, it is considered worship! except the thing that humanity began from apes, and I think most religion agree with it I guess.

Now islam encouraging science may be true at some points in Islamic history, in some Islamic areas, but I do not think any scholar of Islamic history would agree that throughout the Islamic period science was embraced.

Islam went through a period that some refer to as their "Golden Age" but the timing of it varies depending on the area we are talking about. It is true that from around the 8th to 12th centuries in areas like Syria and Iraq, maybe the 13th century in Egypt, and from as late as the 15th century in southern Spain, these Islamic areas generally encouraged inquiry and research. The leading thinkers of the time read and translated the Greek and Latin works from ancient Greece and Rome, added ideas from the Babylonians, Indians, and Chinese, and expanded on the knowledge they now had. For a time the Islamic world could have had reasonable claim to contain the most advanced societies in the world in fields like medicine, astronomy, mathematics, and optics (though I'm sure the Chinese would probably argue the medicine claim at the very least). Europeans flocked to centres of learning such as Cordoba to learn from Islamic scholars and many of the works by such scholars would form the backbone of Rennisance learning. Maimonides, Geber, Rauxes (sp?), were latinized names of some of these Islamic scholars. Many of the ancient Greek and Roman works that we have now exist only because they were preserved by Islamic scholars who had translated them into Arabic.

But after a while the Islamic empires faded. Wars, invasions, and a move towards religious conservatism eroded Islamic scientific learning and things soon stagnated. By the time of the Ottoman Empire Islamic science was in decline, while Europe took up the mantle. By the 19th century the once mighty Ottoman Empire and other Islamic areas could only marvel at the scientific and engineering achievements in Europe. Much of the medical knowledge gained in the early Islamic period had been lost to its discoverers. In some parts of the Islamic world people were doing things such as wearing verses of the Qur'an as charms to heal illnesses and ward off evil, or drinking water that Qur'anic verses had been immersed in as medicine. Qatar did not even have its first official school until I think the 1950s (not including religious instruction), and I suspect its first hospital was around the same time.

Of course that is now once again changing and one could even say that the Islamic world is moving towards a second "Golden Age" of scientific learning and achievement. Countries like Qatar, Saudi Arabia and UAE are building science and technology centres, encouraging research on items such as stem cells, sending its young citizens to universities around the world while inviting other prestigious institutions to set up satellite campuses. The Islamic world now has dozens and dozens of universities with fierce competition for students to get into them. From documentaries I've seen on education in places such as Palestine and Lebanon high school students are very serious about learning, preparing for final exams that determine whether they get one of the precious spots in good universities.

And it is not just men, women also attend university and go on to careers in science. Qatar University typically graduates 1500 students a year and around 80% of them are women. One of my Qatari colleagues has sisters studying in the UK, and many Lebanese women have degrees from Canada, US, or France. My dentist is a Lebanese woman (or maybe Jordanian), and in the medical clinic I go to I figure about 30% of the doctors are Muslim women. I even remember back when I was taking chemistry one of the students in my upper level chemistry class was woman who recently moved to Canada from Iran. Remember everyone, most of the Islamic world is not like Taleban-controlled Afghanistan.

I wouldn't say that the Islamic world is on the cutting-edge of the sciences yet but perhaps with time we will be hearing more and more about scientific discoveries in the Middle East and other parts of the Islamic world. If an Islamic scientist, working primarily in the Islamic world in a university or research centre, were to win the Nobel prize in one of the sciences I think we could safely say that the second "Golden Age" has truly begun (maybe it has happened already, I have not combed the list of Nobel prize winners recently).

Do I think it is a good thing? Of course I do! Why would I want any society to reject science and learning? I would not care if one day every Nobel prize winner came from the Islamic world. Hopefully not because the West has descended into another Dark Age though.

Speaking of which it may be good that the Islamic world is moving towards learning in science because sometimes trends in places like the US worry me. Christian fundamentalism has been gaining strong footholds in the last few decades and in many parts of the US it has been affecting the quality of science education, especially in biology. When I went to conventions sponsored by the James Randi Educational Foundation many Americans I spoke to were definitely concerned about the impact fundamentalist Christians are having in their attacks on scientific learning. I have not seen religious anti-science attitudes here in Qatar anywhere near the extent one sees in North America. Hopefully now that Bush is out of the White House things will improve again -- the Bush administration definitely had some anti-science positions or interfering in issues such as biology, sex education, and certain aspects of NASA research. That recent court ruling against so-called "intelligent design" was also a positive step. And don't forget Obama rescinding the Bush restrictions on stem cell research. The US might be heading back to a more pro-science, pro-education stance. One can hope.

(btw humans are apes, genera Homo.)